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To browse Academia. Prabir Manuao. Shankar Subedi. Dowload in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Autosesk Free PDF. Related Papers. Bernd S. ISBN: ebk. No part of this publication ajtodesk be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections fgee of the Autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Читать статью Clearance Center, Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA, fax No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials.
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For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U. Wiley publishes in a variety of print dowmload electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may downlload be included autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download e-books or in print-on-demand.
For more information about Wiley products, visit www. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the professional team at Sybex an imprint of Wiley for all windows media player 10 vob codec free download hard work. It has been a pleasure working with my acquisitions editor, Stephanie McComb; developmental editor, Candace Cunningham; technical editor, Ian le Cheminant; and members of the editorial staff.
Scott has worked on more than 20 other technical books as contributing author, reviser, compilation editor, or technical editor. He has written a column посетить страницу Photoshop User Magazine fere You can contact the author dlwnload his website at www. You can rest assured that spending your time learning AutoCAD will be a wise investment, and the skills you obtain in this book will be useful for years to come.
I welcome you in beginning the process of learning AutoCAD. It will give you great satisfaction to learn such a complex program and use it to design and document whatever you dream up. Who Should Read This Book This book is for students, hobbyists, professional architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, landscape architects, or anyone who communicates through technical drawings as part of their work.
See www. Each chapter features multiple exercises that take you step by step through the many complex procedures of AutoCAD. The goal of performing these steps on your own is to develop skills that you can посмотреть еще to many different real-world situations. The actual steps performed may vary in each geometric situation. After you achieve the www.
After you have practiced, think about how you have achieved the desired result, and you will get the most out of this book. The following are system requirements for running either version on the different operating systems in which they are offered.
You can also access additional tools and materials to help msnual design, visualize, and simulate ideas. Connect with other learners to stay current with the latest industry autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download ahtodesk get the most out of your designs.
Get started today at www. Autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download drawing aids covered with step-by-step exercises in this chapter include grid and snap, ortho and polar tracking, PolarSnap, running object snaps, the From snap, and object autocxd tracking. Dlwnload 5: Shaping Curves The landscape exercise in this chapter teaches you how to create complex /15284.txt with NURBS-based splines, curved polylines, and ellipses.
Chapter Creating 22016 Editing Text The written word is undeniably a part of every drawing. This chapter teaches you how to create both single- and multiline text, how to edit any text, and how to control its appearance through text styles and object properties.
Chapter Keeping In Control with Constraints This chapter teaches you how to add geometric and dimensional constraints to objects so that their ultimate form is controlled by mathematical formulas.
The formulas in the examples are as simple as adding two dimensions or calculating the diameter of a circle from its radius. By rendering in the cloud you can keep working locally while your high-quality rendering is being processed remotely. Autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download Essentials Series The Essentials series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers tl are just beginning to develop their professional skills. Every Essentials book includes these features: I Skill-based instruction with chapters organized around projects rather than abstract concepts or subjects.
See the appendix and www. The Start tab appears when you launch the program. Exercise 1. Sign in with an Autodesk ID or email address and password. Take advantage of autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download cloud storage while you use this book. This loads the full AutoCAD user interface, which you will learn about in the next exercise.
You will learn about the ribbon in Exercise 1. The two Windows versions look nearly identical and function in almost the same way. Figure 1. Downliad 1. Click the Application menu to open it. Type polygon and observe that the text appears in the search box at the top of the www.
The search results see Figure 1. Here you can create new or open existing drawings, export or print drawings, and more.
Hover the cursor over Open and then click Drawing Sheet sets are an Figure 1. AutoCAD has many palettes to organize tools and reusable drawing content. Drag its palette bar and relocate it autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download. Downlad the Auto-hide toggle and watch the palette collapse to autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download vertical palette bar; this saves space onscreen.
Hover the cursor autldesk the palette bar and watch the whole palette reappear so that you can access its content. Now toggle Auto-hide off. Click посетить страницу источник Palette-properties menu and select Anchor Left. The Sheet Set Manager palette is docked along the left edge of the user interface. You can use many options to organize the user interface to match the way you work.
Select Sheet Views on the tabbed interface. A new drawing appears in the drawing window. Click the Open button in sownload Quick Access toolbar. Once you open Autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download.
Move the cursor over the current drawing tab ftee click Brush Roller Sub Assy to reopen the layout. Click the Save button on the Quick Access toolbar. The drawing is saved locally on your hard drive, and a backup copy is also manuap uploaded to your Autodesk account. In addition, close the Sheet Set Manager. Paper space is a interface. Model space, on the other hand, is a autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download frde volume where everything is drawn in actual size.
Model space is typically scaled 1903 vmware 14 free download in viewports and displayed in the paper space of layouts. Most of the drawing you will do in AutoCAD will be in model space. A drawing can have only one model space, whereas any number of layouts displaying model space through viewports can be saved in the same file. The ribbon is therefore an important feature that was introduced to AutoCAD Choose autodesk autocad lt 2016 manual free download 3D Basics workspace from the drop-down menu in the Quick Access toolbar.
Close the Tool palette if it is open. Worksspaces Workspaces not to be confused with drawing spaces are stored sets of user inter- face controls, which include floating palettes and the configuration of the ribbon.
People use workspaces to configure the interface quickly for the task at hand. Click the Minimize Ribbon button and observe that the full ribbon changes to display tabs and panel buttons see Figure 1. Hover the cursor over the panel buttons. The buttons expand to reveal all the tools shown autidesk the full ribbon. Click the Minimize Ribbon button again.
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Position the cursor over the selected chair but not over its grip. Drag the chair while holding down the left mouse button to move it closer to the upper desk; see Figure 4. To position the chair more precisely, click the Move tool on the Modify panel. Select the chair you just moved in the previous step and press Enter. Click the base point at the midpoint of the front of the chair point A in Figure 4. Click the second point B in Figure 4. The chair is moved precisely to the midpoint of the desk edge.
Press the spacebar to repeat MOVE. Type P and press Enter twice to Objective select the same chair again. Type D and press Enter once more to choose the Displacement option. Any coordinates you enter are relative to the origin, so typing the symbol is unnecessary. Click the Copy tool on the Modify panel. Select the chair you just moved and press Enter twice.
Select the midpoint of the desk point B in Figure 4. Press the spacebar to repeat the previous command, select both desks Objective and chairs with crossing windows but not the low partition between them , and press Enter. Select point A in Figure 4. Type A and press Enter. Type 3, press Enter, and then click point B in Figure 4. Pan over to the Conference room. Select the Object option by clicking Object on the command prompt. Select the inner-left wall line and watch as the crosshair cursor changes to parallel the angle of the wall see Figure 4.
Toggle on Ortho on the status bar if it is not already on. Type CO for Copy and press Enter. Select the chair that is against the left wall of the Conference room and press Enter. Click an arbitrary base point by clicking in the empty space of the Conference room. Move the cursor down along the direction of the wall and click the Array option. The command prompt reads as follows: Enter number of items to array: Type 5 and press Enter.
When the spacing looks right see Figure 4. The crosshair cursor returns to its default orientation. Numerically speaking, you typically rotate by degrees or scale by percentages about base points. On the other hand, you can avoid using numbers entirely by choosing the Reference options, which let you rotate or scale selection sets in relation to other objects.
Click the Rotate button on the Modify panel, select the upper lounge chair, and press Enter. Toggle off Ortho and Polar Tracking if it is on in the status bar. Move the cursor around the point, and observe that a rubber-band line connects the base point to your cursor and a ghosted image of the chair is superimposed over the original chair representation.
Move the cursor until the rubber band aligns more or less perpendicularly to the wall behind the chair see Figure 4. Click the chair that you just rotated to select it without issuing an explicit command. Hold the Ctrl key, and repeatedly press the arrow keys to nudge the selected object a few pixels at a time. Nudge the chair so that it is a similar distance from the wall and the round table as compared to the other armchair in Reception.
Press Esc to deselect all. Zoom out and focus on the upper-left quadrant of the building. Select the furniture group shown in Figure 4. Select midpoint A as the base point, and select midpoint B as the second point. Type RO for Rotate and press Enter. Type L for Last and press Enter twice. Select the same midpoint where the furniture group was attached to the midpoint of the shell window wall as the base point of the rotation.
Instead of specifying the reference angle with a number, you will determine the angle interactively. Type and press Enter to input the base point of the rotation as the base point of the reference angle. Click endpoint A as shown in Figure 4. Pan over to the upper-right quadrant of the building and zoom in on the oversized round table. Click the Scale icon on the Modify panel, select the circle representing the table, and press Enter. Right-click the Object Snap icon in the status bar and select Center from the context menu.
Click outside the menu to close it and then snap to the center of the circle by hovering over the circle and then moving the cursor to its center and clicking. Toggle on Ortho on the status bar, and move the chairs closer to the table, both horizontally and vertically. Work with Arrays Arrays produce single associative objects, which you can edit at any time to alter the parameters of the array. You will learn how to create two types of associative arrays: rectangular and polar.
Type OB for Object and press Enter. Select the left side of the bottom-left edge of the table in the Small Conference room. Click the Rectangular Array tool on the Modify panel.
Select both chairs on the sides of the conference table and press Enter. Change Columns to 1 and Rows to 5 on the temporary Array Creation tab that appears on the ribbon. Type 2 f4 72 for metric in the Between text box in the Rows panel and press the Tab key I see Figure 4. Select the Associative toggle in the Properties panel if it is not already blue. Click Close Array on the ribbon.
Select one of the new chairs and observe that all the arrayed chairs are selected as a unit. Click Close Array. Type UCS and press Enter twice to return to the world coordinate system. Type AR for Array and press Enter. Type PO for Polar and press Enter. Type 12 in the Items text box on the ribbon and press Tab. The table is a bit too large. Click the circle to select the table. Type 4 f6 or for metric to set a new radius.
Press Enter and then Esc. Click any one of the chairs to select the polar array. Hover the cursor over the base point grip and choose Stretch Radius see Figure 4. Type 5f9 or for metric ; then press Enter and Esc. The chairs more closely wrap around the smaller table. Instead, these com- mands are used for arraying points. Click the Extend tool on the Modify panel it is nested under Trim.
Select the inner line of the bottom core wall and press Enter. Create a crossing window by clicking points A and B, as shown in This line will be the boundary edge that Figure 4.
Four tread lines are extended. Click each remaining you will extend the tread line, one at a time, to extend all the stair treads to the core wall. Press Enter to end the command. Type TR for Trim and press Enter. Select the upper and lower handrail lines to act as cutting edges and press Enter. Make a narrow crossing window in the center of the handrail to trim away all the treads that pass through the handrails and press Enter.
Type EX for Extend and press Enter. Hold Shift and click each one of the treads passing through the handrail. Type and press Enter. Click the line segment on the right side of the incomplete copy machine to lengthen it toward the right. Type S for Stretch and press Enter. Click points A and B as shown in Figure 4. Toggle on Ortho if it is not already on.
Click a base point off to the right side of the door opening, well away from the geometry so that you do not inadvertently snap to anything. Move the cursor down www. The wall, door, and swing end up more or less centered on the wall. Click the Offset tool on the Modify panel.
Select the elliptical arc at the bottom edge of the Copy Room. The command line asks you to specify a point to determine on which side of the selection to offset the new object. In this case, click anywhere above the elliptical arc, and a new ellipse is created such that its curvature matches the original but is spaced a set distance away.
Press Esc to exit the command. Type F for Fillet , press Enter, and click the new elliptical arc and the inner line of the adjacent vertical wall on the right. Press the spacebar to repeat the FILLET command and click the elliptical arc and inner line of the adjacent vertical wall on the left. The intersections between the wall objects are cleaned up see Figure 4. Zoom into the furniture system that is missing two desks in the upper-right quadrant of the building.
Click the Mirror tool on the Modify panel. Make crossing and individual line selections to select the desks and chairs shown in Figure 4. The command line reads as follows: Specify first point of mirror line: Click point A, and then move the cursor up and click point B to draw the mirror line. Double-click the mouse wheel to zoom to the drawing extents.
Select the furniture system indicated in Figure 4. The origin point is at Mirror a copy here. Select this group. Press Enter to complete the command and decline to erase the source object by pressing Enter again. Select the inner line of the window wall directly below the sofas, right-click, and choose Properties from the context menu. Make a note that the Angle property of this line is Click both sofas and the coffee table in between them to select all three.
Click the grip in the center of the coffee table to activate it and turn it red. Press the spacebar again. Type 'CAL to invoke the command-line calculator transparently. Type Negative angles rotate 6. You learned several methods for selecting objects so they can be edited with these commands. In addition, you learned how to edit objects directly, without issuing commands, by editing with grips.
You can also create splines that seamlessly blend between existing straight or curved objects while maintaining smooth or tangent continuity. Exercise 5. Figure 5. Click the Polyline tool on the Draw panel of the ribbon.
Type A for Arc and press Enter. Toggle off Ortho and Polar Tracking modes if they are on. Observe that the arc you are drawing by default opposes the natural curvature of the lake see Figure 5. Type S for Second Point and press Enter. Click point B shown in I Figure 5. Right-click the Object Snap toggle in the status bar and turn on Node and Endpoint in the menu. Toggle off any other snap options that are selected. Toggle on Object Snap if it is off. Click each subsequent node around the left half of the lake until you By turning on Node reach point C in Figure 5.
Press the spacebar to repeat the last command. Click point D shown in Figure 5. Click each subsequent node around the right side of the lake until I you reach point E in Figure 5. Press Enter. Click the Offset tool in the Modify panel. Type 6 f or 2 for metric to guide you in the and press Enter.
Click the left polyline you drew around the lake in exercise. Click the right polyline and click outside the lake. Click necessary when drawing the outer arc surrounding the pentagonal structure and then click curves on your own. Click the Trim tool in the Modify panel. Press Enter to select all objects as potential cutting edges, and click the portions of the arcs that overlap in the top highlighted area in Figure 5. Zoom into the lower highlighted area, and trim the arcs at their tips so that they meet at their endpoints.
Pan to the building at the bottom of the lake. Click the lower-left Objective polyline to select it. Click the endpoint grip, move it down a short distance, and click again see Figure 5. Press Esc and then click the Undo button in the Quick Access toolbar. Click the Arc tool in the Draw panel, hold down Shift and right-click, and choose Nearest from the context menu. Click points A, B, and C in Figure 5. Press Enter twice to end and restart the ARC command. Type J for Join and press Enter.
Press Enter, and the command line reads as follows: 14 segments joined into 1 polyline There are 14 segments if you include all the arcs that make up the two polylines. You are left with a single polyline marking the outer edge of the path. Press the spacebar to repeat the JOIN command. Select the three objects along the inner edge of the path, which includes two polylines and the arc above the pentagon. Press Enter, and multiple segments are joined into one polyline see Figure 5.
The streamlined collinear lines even if there is a gap between JOIN command makes the older workflow unnecessary. Use it on lines, 2D and them. The resulting object type depends on what was selected. Instead of stretching a cord from two pins to a moving pencil point which is how you draw an ellipse by hand , in AutoCAD you specify the lengths of its major and minor axes see Figure 5. J The center of an ellipse Minor axis Center is the intersection of its major and minor axes.
Begin by opening Ex Zoom into the area in the lower left where the remaining point objects are located. The size of point objects is recalculated when the drawing is regenerated. Open the Ellipse menu in the Draw panel and choose the Center Objective method.
Click the center point, the end of the major axis, and the end of the minor axis, shown in Figure 5. Expand the Modify panel and click the Break button.
Select the ellipse. Every ellipse has four quadrant points 5. Right-click the Object Snap toggle in the status bar, and select corresponding to the Quadrant from the context menu.
Click the quadrant point opposite cardinal directions: the point object marking the end of the major axis see Figure 5. The lower half of the ellipse remains, leaving an I elliptical arc. Select the elliptical arc. Press Enter to accept the default when asked if you want to align the block with the selected object. Type 13 for the number of segments and press Enter.
Delete the three points used in drawing the ellipse, the elliptical arc itself, and the white circle, which is the original Shrub block. You deleted the layout geometry and are now left with precisely positioned shrubs. Fortunately, it is easy to switch between CVs and Fit Points editing modes, so you can make up your mind about which method to use to suit the situation.
A control frame connects CVs and represents the maximum possible curvature between adjacent CVs. You will now draw a CV spline around the lake. Continue clicking points all the way around the lake.
Click the I spline you just drew to reveal its CVs see Figure 5. Position the cursor over a CV and observe the multifunction grip menu. Select Stretch Vertex, move the cursor, and click to relocate that particular CV. Try adding and removing vertices using the corresponding choices on the multifunction grip menu see Figure 5. Another way to affect the shape of a spline is to adjust the weights of individual CVs. Vertices with higher 8.
Type W for Weight and press Enter. Zoom out until you can see all the vertices, locate the red one, press Enter repeatedly to choose the default option Next , and move the red CV one position at a time until your chosen CV turns red.
The weights you Type 2 and press Enter see Figure 5. The spline will get closer need to enter depend to the red CV and its control frame. Type where you placed the a value appropriate to your particular situation and press Enter.
CVs when creating the curve in step 2. We set a weight of 0. Type X for Exit and press Enter. Type IM for Image and press Enter. The External References palette I appears. The curve is drawn closer to the control frame near the weighted CV. Right-click Pond in the External References palette and choose Detach. Close the External References palette. Select the pond spline and change its color to Blue in the Properties panel.
The pond is now represented by a blue curve rather than a blue image see Figure 5. The SKETCH command is admittedly dif- ficult to use with a mouse, so if you have a stylus and a drawing tablet, try using them for a more natural drawing feel. Zoom into the area at the bottom of the lake. Expand the Draw panel and click the Spline Fit tool at the top left.
Toggle on Object Snap mode in the status bar with Node snap on and click the top point, the point on the right, the bottom, and then the one on the left. Type C for Close and press Enter. This will be the start of an abstract tree representation. Expand the Modify panel and click the Edit Spline button. Select the curve you drew in step 2. Choose Fit Data from the dynamic input menu. Then choose Add from the next dynamic input menu that appears.
Click the curve in www. To use this feature, click the spline to select it, hover the cursor over the rightmost point, and choose Add Fit Point from the menu that appears. Hold Shift, right-click, and choose Nearest from the context menu. Click a point between the right and bottom points. Click Fit Data from the dynamic prompt menu.
Press Enter three times to exit the command fully. Click each kink grip, and move it in toward the center to create an abstract representation of a tree see Figure 5. Blend curves join the endpoints of the two objects with a curve having either www.
There is a subtle difference between these types of blending. A blend curve with tangent continuity has its control frame parallel to the control frame of the adjacent curve. Not only does a blend curve with smooth continuity have its control frame parallel to the control frame of the adjacent curve, but the control frames have equal lengths. A CV spline with tangent continuity blends between the two arcs. Click two adjacent arcs to create another blend curve see Figure 5.
Continue blending all the adjacent curves in the tree. Now You Know In this chapter, you learned how to draw and edit curved polylines, ellipses, elliptical arcs, and splines. You also learned the control vertex and fit point methods for editing splines, and you created smooth and tangent blend curves between existing curved elements. All objects have properties that control their appearance—color, linetype, lineweight, and so on. The layers to which objects are assigned usually control general object properties, but these properties can be set on a per-object basis as well.
When you draw a line, you are ultimately specifying its geometric properties the start point and the endpoint. Likewise, when you draw a circle, you are just specifying its center point and radius properties. Geometric properties are the most www. In addition to geometric properties, all objects share a short list of general properties: layer, color, linetype, linetype scale, lineweight, transparency, and thickness.
Although general properties are assigned on a per-object basis, they are usually controlled by using layers. Exercise 6. Figure 6. However, only 2. Click the line of the desk immediately adjacent to the Reception text Objective common are displayed. Open the layer drop-down and observe that the layer in blue is what is currently assigned.
Select Desk see Figure 6. Observe that the line whose layer property you changed now appears violet, like the other objects on the Desk layer. Expand the Layers panel and click the Merge tool. Click one of the brown lines in the upper portion of the reception desk and press Enter. Click the violet line you changed to the Desk layer in step 5 and press Enter.
Do you wish to continue? Choose Yes from the dynamic prompt menu. The Desk-High layer is deleted, and the objects that were on it have been reassigned to the I Desk layer. The display is regenerated. Expand the Properties panel and click the List tool. Pan over and layer and everything on it. Be careful, select the Business Development text object by clicking it and though, to avoid pressing Enter. The AutoCAD Text window appears, displaying the deleting valuable following property information: information.
Select the View tab on the ribbon and, on the Palettes panel, click the Objective Properties tool to open the Properties panel. Select the Business Development text object you selected in step Many of its properties appear in the panel see Figure 6. Property values that are editable are displayed on a black background when selected. J Although the LIST command shows some property information that does not appear in the Properties panel, most people prefer using the panel because much of the data is directly editable.
Press Esc to deselect the text object. You can now close the Properties panel. Set the Current Layer Objects are always drawn on the current layer, and there is only one current layer at any given time. Every drawing has at least one layer, layer 0 zero , which is current by default when you create a new drawing.
You cannot delete or rename layer 0 or Exercise 6. Select the Home tab on the ribbon. Click the Rectangle tool on the Draw panel, and click a point a few inches no need to measure from the lower-left corner of the room. Press Shift, right-click, and choose the None object snap to override any running object snap modes whenever necessary.
Select the rectangle you drew in the previous step, and change its Layer assignment to Furniture in the Quick Properties window that appears. Notice that Furniture 4. Open closed; Furniture is now the current layer. Pan over to the Marketing space. Click the Rectangle tool on the Draw panel, and click a point a few inches without measuring from the lower-right corner of the room.
Type ,72 or , for metric and press Enter to create a credenza in Marketing see Figure 6. Select the rectangle you drew in the previous step, and verify that it is on the Furniture layer in the Quick Properties window that appears.
Pan over to the closet in Marketing. One of the lines representing shelves is missing. You will draw the missing line on the same layer as the existing shelf line.
Toggle on Endpoint and Perpendicular running object snap modes on learning the layer the status bar, if they are not already on.
Click the Line tool on the Draw panel, and draw the line shown in then setting its layer Figure 6. Draw this line. Type DS and press Enter. Select the coffee table in Marketing. Notice that the entry in the Layer drop-down in the Layers panel changes to layer 0; this does not mean that layer 0 is current Millwork is , only that the selected item is on layer 0. Open the Layer drop-down menu in Quick Properties, and click A preview of property changes appears Furniture see Figure 6.
Pan over to the lounge room. Click the Match tool in the Layers panel, select the coffee table panel. The coffee table is now assigned to the same layer as the sofas Furniture. Click Settings on the command line; the Property Settings dialog box appears. You can match many properties in addition to layers with this tool see Figure 6. Mergin ng Layers You can merge the contents of multiple layers into a single layer.
First, select the layers you want to merge in the Layer Properties Manager using the Ctrl key to select multiple nonsequential layers , right-click, and select Merge Selected Layers To.
You are then presented with a dialog box where you can select the single destination layer from a list. The source layers are automatically purged after their contents are merged into the destination layer. In AutoCAD, simply displaying some layers while hiding others allows you to create some of the drawings required to describe the space graphically. To understand better how to do this, you need to learn how to toggle layer status, isolate layers to work without distraction, and save layer states to recall the layer status of multiple layers quickly.
Toggle off the Desk layer as well. Click outside the Layer drop-down menu to close it. Choose Yes from the dynamic prompt. Open the Layer drop-down menu in the Layers panel and set layer 0 as current. Click the Zoom Extents tool in the Navigation bar. Notice that there is a gap between the bottom wall of the building and the lower edge of the drawing canvas.
Open the Layer drop-down menu in the Layers panel and freeze the Porch layer. Press Esc to close the drop-down menu. Click the Zoom Extents tool in the Navigation bar again. Click the Lock tool in the Layers panel. Select one of the lights. Type E for Erase and press Enter. Click a different light, and observe a tiny padlock appear near the object. The gap disappears Your model should now resemble Ex You can quickly isolate one or more layers to work on them without the visual clutter of all the other layers.
Click the Isolate tool on the Layers panel and then make a crossing provide security other selection through one of the windows. Press Enter, and all the other than disallowing layers disappear see Figure 6. Select each one of the nine sill lines on the inside of the building and press Enter. Click Name on the command line. The Copy To Layer dialog box appears see Figure 6. J There are now nine lines on the Sill layer and nine duplicate lines on the Header layer. Click the Unisolate tool on the Layers panel.
The layers return to the way they were before you used the Isolate tool. Click one of the sills on the outside of the building to turn off the Sill layer and press Enter. Zoom into the entry and click the Measure tool in the Utilities panel. Click points A and B shown in Figure 6. The tooltip reads 5" Type O for Offset , press Enter, type 5 or Click the header line in the window opening and then click below it to offset a line on the outer edge of the wall.
Continue clicking each header and a point outside the building to offset a second header line in each window opening. Expand the Layers panel and open the Unsaved Layer State drop- down menu.
Select New Layer State in the drop-down menu see Figure 6. Click the Turn All Layers On tool. Click the adjacent Thaw All Layers tool. Type layers. Apply Linetype In traditional drafting, you draw short, interrupted line segments when you want to indicate a hidden line. Hidden lines represent objects that are above the section plane.
For example, objects such as upper cabinets, high shelves, or roof www. In AutoCAD, lines are not interrupted broken into multiple little pieces to indicate hidden lines.
Instead, continuous lines are assigned a linetype, e and this style makes lines appear as if they are interrupted. One advantage to this is that you can adjust the scale of the line breaks without having to redraw myriad little lines.
Open the Linetype drop-down menu in the Properties panel and Objective select Other at the bottom of the menu see Figure 6. In the Linetype Manager dialog box that appears, click the Load button. Zoom into the closet in the Marketing space and select both lines on the Millwork layer, representing a high shelf. Open the Linetype drop-down menu in the Properties panel and select Hidden from the menu. Now the two selected lines have the Hidden linetype assigned. Type 48 or 50 for metric and press Enter.
The lines appear with breaks indicating that the shelf is above the section plane see Figure 6. The factor 50 is appropriate for metric drawings. Select the horizontal shelf line, right-click, and choose Properties from the context menu. Change Linetype Scale to 0. Higher values scale linetypes smaller. Press Esc to deselect the horizontal shelf line. The breaks in the horizontal line are half as large as those in the vertical segment see Figure 6. Close the Properties panel. Open the Linetype drop-down menu on the Properties panel and select Hidden see Figure 6.
Draw a line of arbitrary length anywhere on the canvas. Open the Linetype drop-down menu on the Properties panel and select ByLayer. Draw another line and observe that it has continuous linetype. Select the continuous line drawn in step 2 and change its Linetype property to Hidden see Figure 6. Draw another line and verify that it has continuous linetype.
Click the Layer Properties tool in the Layers panel. The Layer Properties Manager appears see Figure 6. Double-click the blue parallelogram next to the new layer. Right-click any one of the column headers to access a context menu.
The green check mark Choose Maximize All Columns from this menu. Drag the 6. Click the Freeze column header to sort the column by that criterion vertical bars between columns to resize them. Click the Freeze column header again to reverse the sort order. All columns are sortable. Click the word Continuous in the Linetype column in the Millwork- Upper layer.
The two lines appear red with the Hidden 8. Click the larger red swatch where indicated in Figure 6. Close the Layer Properties Manager. Zoom into the closet in the Marketing space and select both shelf properties. This system works completely independently of object and layer properties.
This procedure is useful in situations where you want to focus on a chosen set of objects without visual distraction while you perform a task. Select all of the objects inside Objective the kitchen with a crossing selection see Figure 6. Select the word Kitchen and the door and see them disappear. Click the Stretch button in the Modify panel. Make a crossing selection from point A to B, as shown in Figure 6. Toggle on Ortho mode if it is not on already.
Select the same icon in the status bar, which now has the tooltip Unisolate Objects, and choose End Object Isolation from the menu that appears. The hidden and isolated objects are now once again visible. You will also learn how to select and manipulate a group as a whole or access the members of the group individually whenever needed.
This is because you have a higher level of organizational control over blocks than you do over individual entities. Zoom into the leftmost room above the desk. Click the Explode tool on the Modify panel, select the rectangle you just drew, and press Enter.
Click the Fillet tool on the Modify panel, and click Radius on the command line. Click the bottom and right edges to create another arc. Figure 7. Expand the Modify panel, click the Join tool, select all the objects making up the chair you are drawing, and press Enter. Toggle on Ortho mode on the status bar.
Select the polyline you joined in step 6. Hover the cursor over the top-middle grip and select Convert To Arc from the multifunction grip menu that appears see Figure 7.
Move the cursor upward, type 3 or 7 for metric , press Enter, and then press Esc to clear the selection. Click the Explode tool on the Modify panel, press Enter, select the chair, and press Enter again. The polyline is converted into three lines and three arcs. Click the Offset tool in the Modify panel, type 2 or 5 for metric , and press Enter. Select the arc you created in step 8 and then click a point above it on the drawing canvas to offset a new arc 2gg or 5 cm above.
A spline object smoothly joins the arcs. Press Enter to repeat the BLEND command, and select the two arcs near the right endpoints; another spline object is created see Figure 7. Move the cursor upward on the drawing canvas, type 3 or because you selected its constituent objects 7 for metric , and press Enter.
The seat depth is reduced. Select the entire chair with an implied window. Every I Objective block must have a name. Every block has a base point, t which should be related to its geometry. Hold Shift, and right-click to open the context menu; select Midpoint. Select Scale Uniformly and Allow Exploding.
Blocks defined there can be inserted into the drawing as block references. Changes made to block definitions stored in the block table affect all block references in the drawing. Pan over to the middle room. Zoom into the door opening along the bottom edge of this room. Toggle on Running Object Snap mode on the status bar. Click the Rectangle tool in the Draw panel. Type 1. Click points A, B, and C, as shown in option both creates a Figure 7. Type B for Block and press Enter. Select the rectangle and the arc and press Enter.
Select the Pick Point button and click the door hinge. Select the door, and observe that it has only one grip because it is now a block reference see Figure 7. Type UN for Units and press Enter. Open the Insertion Scale drop-down the drawing.
Pan over to the room on the left with the table. Select the chair icon to insert this block see Figure 7. Hold Shift, right-click, and choose From in the context menu. The Chair block reference appears slightly up from the edge of the desk on its centerline see Figure 7. They are available inside closed polylines. Click the Move tool in the Modify panel, select the Chair block, and press Enter. Type I for Insert and press Enter. Click the midpoint of the lower desk edge, and type 0,-3 g or 0,-7 for metric , and press Enter.
The Chair block reference appears 3 g or 7 cm down from the center of the desk. Click point A in the leftmost room, shown in Figure 7. Verify that Ortho mode is on in the status bar; if not, toggle it on. Move the cursor to the left to rotate the door into the proper orientation see Figure 7. Click the canvas approximately at point B to insert the door. B A C Inserting a door and rotating it onscreen Click point C shown in Figure 7.
Click the Copy tool in the Modify panel, select the door at the bottom of the middle room, and press Enter. Click points A and B shown in Figure 7. Select the new door in the rightmost room. Click its single blue grip to activate Grip Editing mode. Press Esc to deactivate grip editing mode. Exercise 7. In the following steps, you will alter the door block and see all its references update automatically.
Zoom in on the lower door in the middle room. Select the door, right-click, and choose Edit Block In-Place from the context menu. While you edit a block in place, all other 3. Click the Rotate tool on the Modify panel, select the door itself the objects in the drawing rectangle rather than the arc , and press Enter. Click the hinge point, canvas are dimmed.
Click the Trim tool in the Modify panel and press Enter. Click the portion of the wing that extends beyond the door to trim it off, and press Esc to end the TRIM command. Floating properties allow block references to inherit properties from the layer on which they are inserted.
Alternatively, you can override these inherited properties with explicit properties by assigning them to the block reference. Click each of the four door block references to select them.
Type qp for Quick Properties and press Enter. Select Door from the Layer drop- down menu see Figure 7. Notice that the doors are still yellow even though the Door layer is green.
Click the Close box in the upper-right I corner to close the Quick Properties palette and press Esc to deselect. Click OK in the Reference Edit dialog box that appears. Select the rectangle and arc making up the door.
Type qp again, for Quick Properties and press Enter. Open the Color drop-down menu and select ByBlock. Click the Save Changes button in the Edit References panel.
Select the lower chair by clicking it. Open the Color drop-down menu in the Properties panel, select Magenta, and press Esc. The chair The table, chairs, turns magenta because ByBlock allows explicit properties assigned to and doors disappear the block reference to override inherited layer properties. Open the Layer drop-down menu again, and toggle off the Furniture J layer. Toggle on the Furniture layer, and click outside the Layer drop-down menu to close it. Select a door, right-click, and choose Edit Block In-Place from the context menu.
Create a crossing window to select both the rectangle and arc making up the door. Open the Layer drop-down menu, and select layer 0 to assign this layer to the selection. Press Esc to deselect the layer. Open the Layer drop-down menu in the Layers panel, and toggle off J the Furniture layer. Layer 0 is the only layer that works like this for block definitions. Toggle on the Furniture layer. The uniform background color is changed to medium gray in the block editor to let you know that it is a special editing mode.
Click the Authoring Palettes button on the Manage panel to toggle them off because they I are not needed for this exercise. The Block Editor is an 3. Select Phone in the Name drop- alternative to editing down list. Click an arbitrary point on the right side of the desk and press Enter magenta color to be to insert the phone block reference there. Select the phone block, type qp for Quick Properties , and press Enter. Click the Close Block Editor button on the Close panel.
The former has no options whatsoever; the latter offers many options dealing with what happens to object properties after the block is disassembled. Click the Explode button on the Modify panel. Select the chair at the command to delete bottom of the desk and the door at the bottom of the middle room unused block and press Enter.
Select the parts of the door, and observe in the Layers panel that the objects are on layer 0 and in the Properties panel that their color is set to ByBlock. Click the Undo button on the Quick Access toolbar. The block is re-created. Type xp for Xplode and press Enter. Select the same yellow door and press Enter. Select the parts of the door, and observe that the objects are on the green Door layer and their color is ByLayer.
This time the disassembled objects received the layer assignment and object I properties of the block reference. Exploded block Your model should now resemble Ex Zoom into the chair at the bottom of the desk. Click the Mirror tool in the Modify panel. Select all objects in the chair and its armrests with a crossing window. Open the Layer drop-down menu, and select layer 0 to change the assignment of the selected objects.
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